Marking instrument



July 21, 1953 w. KAUFMAN 2,645,853

MARKING fINs'rRUuENT Filed oct. 25, 1951 2 sheets-sheet 1 Q Q. 3l'

FIG. l. /1 ii JNVENTox l mmm Aa/Fm" A'TTORA/EYS July 21, 1953 w. KAUFMAN 2,645,853

MARKINQINSTRUMENT Filed oct. 25, 1951 2 sheets-sheet 2 IN1/wrox WILLIAM KAUFMAN Patented July 21, 1953 UNITED STATES] PATENT-WOFFICEL t 2,645,853 s MARKING INSTRUMEN'1-l William Kafman, Great Neck, N. Y. Application october 25, 1951, serial No. 253,144

My invention relates to anew 'and improved marking instrument. y

Without limitation to any use, the invention is particularly useful in marking one ormore scribed garment patterns or other gures from an original garment pattern or other iigure. The scribed garment patterns may belarger or smaller than the original pattern or figure. n

Devices for this purpose have been described in Anderson U. S. Patent No. 184,493, -dated November 21, 1876; Cote U.'S. Patent No. 469,775, dated March 1, 1892; Hobson U. S. Patent No. 2,415,283, dated February 4, 1947, and many other patents.

These prior devices have not gone into commercial use,.'because they did not'have suicient accuracy .and simplicity.

According to one embodiment of my invention, I provide an arm which has a straight longitudinal axis, and which is of adjustable length in the direction of said axis. Said arm is associated with a support, which has a planar face and which can support a sheet-of paper or other markable material in planar form. A selected guide-point on said axis is guided to move in a selected straight-line guided path relative to said planar supporting face. 'Said arm overlies said planar supporting Aface. Said guide-point; may be an end-point of said arm,lbut the invention is not limited to this feature. Said arm is'provided witha pivot on said axis, at a pivot-point whichA is spaced longitudinally from said guidepoint. Said pivot-point is spaced longitudinally from theends of said arm.' Means arel provided for guiding said pivot-point to movein a pivotpoint path which is perpendicular to said firstmentioned guided path. f f

Said arm is provided with at least Vone tracer on a selected tracer Ypoint ofV said axis and with at least one scriberpon a selected scriber point of said axis. Said armk vmay* be providedwith any selected number of such tracers and scribers.

For convenience, the direction of said rstmentioned guided path is designated as the X- axis or X-direction, and every line of. the iigure to be copied, which is parallel to said firstmentioned guided path, is designated as an X- line or X-direction line. Likewise, the direction of said pivot-point-path is designated as the Y-direction or Y-axis and all lines of said figure which are parallel to said pivot-point-path are designated as Y-lines or Y-direction lines.

For convenience, it is assumed that the arm has one scriber and one tracer, which are spaced longitudinally from eachother. Y 1

3 Ciains. (o1. 33-23) 2 The scriber marks a marked iigure which corresponds to the originalv figure over which the tracer ismoved., i

y"The markedgure may be smallerjor larger than the original gure. y l l I thus provide a very simple instrument in which the width of 'the originalgure may' be reduced or enlarged in greater vproportion than the height of the reduced figure.

Thus, if the originan ligure is a circie, and the scriber is closer to the pivot than the tracer, and the scriber is closer to said yguided-point than the tracer, the marked ligure will bean ellipse whose major axis is ,of less. length than the diameter of said,.circle. Said major axis will be in the Y-direction. The minor axis of said ellipse will be inthe X-direction. In this example of the invention, the reduction in width is greater than the reduction vin length. v

An important feature resides KVin myprovision of improved meansV for guiding the pivot-point f in the Y-direction, comprisinga front frame connected by a universal joint to theadjustable arm at said pivot-point and .means coupling Y said front frame to ak pedestal locatedy rearwardly of .the guide means for moving the pivot pointin the X-direction. f n g V Other objectsand advantages yand features of my invention `are disclosed in the annexed descriptionand drawings, which disclose preferred embodiments vof the invention.

l In the embodiments illustrated herein, the adjustable-length arm is a lazy-tongs arm.'

Fig. 1 is a topvplanfview of one preferred ernbodiment of the improved instrument,showing the lazy-tongsv arm in three different positions;`

Fig. 2 is a side view of Fig. 1; f

Fig. 3 is a detail perspective .vi-ew which ,plies to both embodiments; and

Figs. 4 and 4A are partial top plans of respective modifications. p I f When the tracer v,and scriber arexed to the lazy-tongs arm, and said arm is of any operating length, certain dimensions are identified as vfollows: 4-26k isv the distance along the axis ofthe .lazy tongs between the guide-point and the pivot- -.point; 4-1 is the kdistance betweensaid guide- Vpoint and the point/of the tracer alongsaidfaxis or vin a direction parallel tosaid axis; 'N4-Suis the distance between said guide-point and 'the'v point of the scriber along'said axis or in a direction parallel to said axis;y 2li-Tis the distance between said pivot-point and `the pointgof said tracer along said axisor. in' aA directionparallel to said axis; 2li-S is the-distance' between said pivot point and the point of said scriber along said axis or in a direction parallel to said axis; and T-S is the distance between the points of said tracer and scriber along said axis or in a direction parallel to said axis.

The ratio is always constant, irrespective of the length and position of the arm. The ratio is also always constant, irrespective of the length and position of the arm. The distance 4-T is greater than the distance 4-S, as shown in Fig, l. If the tracing point and the scribing point arev interchanged, then the distance 4-T is less than the distance 4-S. Similarly, the distance 26-T is greater than the distance 26,-S, as shown' in Fig. l. If the tracing point and the sc ribing point are interchanged, then the distance 26-T is less than the distance 2li-S.

The ratio between the lengths of corresponding X-lines or X-dirnensions of the original and marked figures is the constant ratio vided with a single tracer and with a series of scribers, so as to provide a plurality of lrespective distances 4-S and 26-S for each distance 4-T and 2li-T, keeping the aforesaid ratios constant While said distances are varied. The aforesaid ratiosare selected byv suitably dimensioning and proportioning the instrument, so that the scribers mark a selected range ``of scribed patterns for different selected sizes, corresponding to the size of the master pattern.

A transverse channel guide-rail 2 is xed to table I. Roller 3 has an integral vertical pivot stud 4, which fits closely and slidably in the transverse slot inthe top wall of rail 2.` Roller 3 can freely slide and rotate relative tof guide rail 2. Y' I For convenience, the median lineAk of the top slot of guide-rail 2, which intersects thevertical axis of pivot-stud 4, is designatedastheX-axis. Hence, lines 35a and 35 are X-lines. f

The lines 32, 32a, 36a and36 are Y-lines.

The rear end of the adjustable arm, whose length can be increased or decreased, ispivotally connected to pivot stud 4, so that vsaidv rear end can turn freely around the vertical axis of pivot stud 4. Said rear end can also move along rail 2. This rear end is said selected guide point. I

In this illustrative embodiment, said variablelength arm is a lazy-tongs arm and has a plurality of arm-elements, Vwhich include the rear arm-element E and the 4,front arm-element Ea.

lil

Said variable-length arm may have any desired number of said arm-elements, and said armelements may be of any size.

The lazy-tongs arm consists of a number of bars, each of which has one or more bar-sections. All said bar-sections are of the same length. The circles in Fig. 1 indicate pivots which connect the crossing-points of respective bars. Only Lsome of these pivots are indicated by reference numerals. The distance between successive pivot points on a bar is a bar section.

The rear arm-element E consists of bar 5, bar

6, two barsections of bar 6a, two bar-sections of bar 5a, two bar-sections of bar I2, and two bar-sections of bar 9. Pivots la, 8, 1 and 4 are at the corners or vertices of arm-element E. Pivots I4 and I6 are respectively equi-distant from pivots 'Ia and 4, 8 and 1.

Pivot I5 is equi-distant from pivots I4 and I8. Basically, each element is a parallelogram with four sides of kidentical length.

The end-section of bar 9 is Aconnected by pivot Sa'tobar I8, which has four sections. Bar 5a is pivotally connected to one end of bar I'I. Bars I'I. and I8 are pivotally connected to bars 20 and I9. Bars II and I9 are connected by the corneror vertex pivot Ba. Bar 2U is provided with pivots 28a and 20h. Bar I9 is connected to bar Ila, which is connected by corner or vertex pivot libr to bar I9a.

The front arm-element Ea has an edge-bar which comprises two sections of bar I9a, another edge bar which comprises twosections of bar IIa, a bar I9b, and one of the bars 2|.

Fig. 1 is substantially to scale.

As previously noted, the arm-elements may be of any size, so that front arm-element Ea can have any selected number of bars 2l. The pivots of these bars 2| are equally spaced.` vArms 2I always remain parallel to each other ,and to bar I'Ia, V

Arms 2I have respective sockets orholders 22. A tracer T is located in one of the holders 22as in thefront socket 22. A scriber S is 10- cated in any other socket S. If desired, respective scribersA S ,can be located in all the sockets 22, with the exception of the socket which Is occupied by tracerT.

K This embodiment shows four arm-elements. which have respective corner or vertex pivots 4, 8, 8a, 8b and the l'vertex pivot which connects thepfront end of front bar 2I to bar I9b. The arm has a straight-line axis which overlies and is parallelto the planar and horizontal top of .table I. In this embodiment, s aid axis is the ,common diagonal which intersects the vertical axes of corner or vertex pivots 4, 8, 8a, 8b and the, vertical axes of tracer T and scriber S.

The. ends of bars- BA lare pivoted to selected pointsof bars 5a and 20, I8 and 6a. A vertical pivot-pin 26 extends through the vertical bore of sleeve 25 andthe aligned vcrossing points of bars B. Said pivot-point is on the vertical axis of pivot-pin 26. Sleeve 25 has bearing sleeves 24a. Shafts 24, which are horizontal and parallel to theV X-axis, connect the front, bottom end of frame 23 to bearing sleeves 24a. Pivot pins 21, which are lhorizontal and parallel to the X-axi's, 'Iturnably connect the rear upper end of frame 23 to the front upper end of rear frame 28. Pedestal 38, which is fixed to table I, has a bearing 30, in which the horizontal shaft 29 is located. Shaft 2 9 is parallel to the X-axis and it turnably connects frame 28 to pedestal 30. Frame 28 has counterweights 3I. Theseframes 23 and 28 cons@ stitute the means'for guiding and forcing' pivotpin 26 to move along asingle Y-line, in all positions ofthe arm. v

Pivot 26may be located at any selected point of saidaxis or common diagonal line. In this illustrative embodiment,^;but without limitation thereto, the distance 4-26, `on the axis ofthe arm, between the verticalv axes of. pivots *4-26, is one-third of the distance 4-T.

A universal joint connection is provided between frame 23 and the arm.

The original or master figure or pattern P is on a master sheet of paper Which is xed to the top of tableV I in any suitable position, such as the position shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 1 shows that master pattern P hasY-lines 32 and 36, and an X-line 35, which. intersects X-line 36. Y, Y The scriber S is a stylus in this embodiment. The scribed or marked pattern Pa is marked on asheet of copy paper` which is xed to the horizontal and planar top of table l below the master sheet. A sheet of carbon paper is located between the master sheet and the copy sheet. When tracer T, which is also a stylus, is moved over the outline of pattern P, said scriber S makes a carbon marking of pattern Pa.

Said pattern Pa has scribed Y-lines 32a and 36a which correspond respectively to master Y-lines 32 and 36and a scribed X-line 35a which Y is parallel to X-line 35 and khence yto the X-axis.

Line 32 has endpoints 3,3 and 34. Line 32a has end points 33a and 34a. Line 35a-intersects line 36a at point 39.

If line 32a be extended, it intersects line 35 at point 31. o

When tracer T is at Apoint 33, scriber S is at point 33a, and roll 3 is in its right position of Fig. 1.

When roll 3 is in its median position of Fig. 1, said common diagonal line or axis of the variable-length arm is a Y-line, tracer T is then on line 35, and scriber S is then on line 35a, as shown in one broken-,line position of the arm in Fig. 1. When tracer T is at the top of master line 36, scriber S is at the top of line 36a, and roll 3 is in its left position of Fig. 1. Y n y The X-lines 35a and 35 are designated as width lines. K

When tracer T is moved from point 33 along master' line 35 to the intersection of lines 35 and .36, scriber S is moved along line .35a from point a 33a to point 39.

Thoratio of the iength of` lino 35a 'to une 35 iS the ratio of the distance 26-S to the distance 2li-T. As previously noted, this ratioremains constant and pivot 26 is always on the same Y-line. Ii scribers S are provided in al1 the sockets 22 above the socket 22 which holds tracer T, a. seriesV oflines Will be marked which correspond to line 35a and which will have different respective lengths.

l Primarily, the width ratio between the master pattern and the scribed pattern vis selected by adjusting pivot 26 along said common diagonal line or axis of the variable-length arm.` A change in the positions of tracer Tand scriber S will also affect this ratio. ,A y A As previously noted, when tracer S -is at point 33a, scriber S is in the rear socket 22.

When tracer T is moved along line 32from point 33 to point 34, scriberS marks line 32a by moving from point 33a to point 34a.

When tracer T is initially atl point 33 and scriber S is initially at point 33a, the X-direction spacing between tracer T and scriber S is the distance 33-31, .and the corresponding Y-direction spacing is the distance 33a-3'L y I In order to illustratethe operation of the instrument, it is assumed that tracer 'I ismoved along an extension of line 32 to the X-axis. -'In such case,'the scriber S is moved automatically v from yinitial point 33e to the lX-axis. The X-direction spacing 33 in such case, the Y-direction spacing 33a-31 is nally diminished to zero. Hence the maximum difference of length between the lines 32 and 32a y is the Y-direction distance 33a+3'!. f

When tracer T is at point 33, the angle of said common diagonal line with X-line 35 is designatedv ras A, and the tangent of angle A is the ratio of Y-direction distance 33a--3'l 'to X-clirection distance 33-3`. The tangent of A decreases as tracer T moves toward point 34 along `line 32, thusdecreasing the Y-direction distancebetween 'tracerT and scriber vS, whilethe X-direction distance remains constant at the value 33-3'L Finally, if angle Ajbecomes zero'by locating both tracer T and scriber S on the Xfaxis, the Y-direc ltien distance between tracer T and scriber S is l reduced to zero.

In actual practice, the tracer T is not m0ved' to the X-axis.

The reduction-in width exceeds the reduction in length in this example.

Thus,` if tracer T is moved around a circle lwhile a scribcr S is in each other socket722, said v scrihers S will mark aV series of ellipses, each of locating scribersv S in the other sockets, the j whichwjill have a EZ-direction major axis which is shorterthan the diameter of said circle, and an X-direction minor axis. Y v

The scriber S which is in the position shown in Fig. 1 will mark the ellipse which has the shortest Yedirection major axis and the shortest Xfdirection minor axis.

The parts may .be proportioned so that the ecrit-ers S will mark a series of scribed patterns which are of respective succeeding sizes which are smaller than thev size of master pattern P.

By locating tracer T inthe rear socket 22 and scribed patterns are larger than the master patminor axis has a length whichris 662/392 of the 55 diameter of said master circle,

In such case, the ratio ze-r must test2/3%, and the ratio -f must' be sofa, in whioh zur is the distance along marked X-'direction dimension is GGZ/3% of rthe Correspendingl X-d'irection dimension.

' As another example, itis assumed that it is 37 remains constant, and f 1. desired fto marl: an'ellipse whose major axis-is 90% of the diameter of the master circle and whose X-d-irection minor axis is 662/3070 of the diameter of said master circle.

In such case, it is necessary to move scriber S Icloser to tracer T, so that the distance d-S is now 90% of the distance i-T, along said common diagonal line. This ratio remains constant in all positions of the arm. l

This adjustment increases the 652/3% ratio of the distance ZG-S to the distance .Z-T along said common diagonal line. This ratio is decreased to the desired value of G551/3%, by shifting the pivot 26 further away1 from the pivot 4 along said common diagonal line, thus diminishing said width-controlling ratio to (MS2/3%.

By making the parallelogram arm elements of large size, a wide range of adjustment between relative length and width can be secured between the master figure and the marked pattern.

Fig. 3 shows that bars B have holes Hc, in order to facilitate the adiustment of their pivotal. connections to the arinelements, in order to adjust the position of pivot 26.

Fig. A. shows a modiiied front arm-element Ea, in which each soclret 2li is at the connecting pivotpoint of a of bars 4S which are pivoted to the respective edge-bars by pivots 4i. Fig. 4 also shows a modied construction on the inner bars of the respective arm-elements, and that hoies l-I are provided in the bars of the` l zy-tongs arm, in order to facilitate the conne un of bars The frames 23- and 24 illustrati one convenient means for keeping the axis of pivot' 2t' along,T a single respective 'SZ-direction line. do not obstruct the pattern P, thus facilitating the accurate production of the scribed pattern Pa.

If desired, the pivot-stud 4 can be located at the pivot i5 or the corresponding central pvot point of any otheiaiin-eleinent, so that part of the arm may extend rearwardly oi the rail 2, during the operation of the device. In such case, the pedestal 3d is sufficiently rearwardly spaced from rail 2, so that the rearwardly extending portion of the arm can move freely.

Fig. 4.1i shows a modification of 4, which is highly desirable to permit convenient inspection of the tracer and scriber during the operation of the machine.

Fig. 4A has the bars 5' and 5l of Eig. 4. In Fig. 4A, I provide only one bar 4i! for each marking tool. The bars 415 of Fig. 4A are pivotaliy connected to each other by intermediate bars and pivots E2. sary for the operator to bend down, because the tracer and scribers are clearly visibleat one side, without bending down.

Instead of having only one guide-roll 3, I can use a plurality of guide-rolls 3 which are turnably connected to a bar which slides easily in the channel rail 2.

As one example, the master pattern P may be a pattern for a size i8 womans coat. In such case, the instrument can be designed and dimensioned so that the ve scribers will respectively draw patterns for sizes 15, 14, l2, 10 and 8. which is a popular range in certain classes of garment manufacture. Ordinarily the designer makes an original design pattern in size l0 or size 12. In such case, the tracer 'I can be located to follow the original design pattern, and the scriber S can be located to draw the corresponding patterns for the larger and smaller sizes.v Optionally, any selected points of arm may be provided Such means -1 This construction makes it unnecesfl il with vertical rods which have anti-frictional balls or the like which Iare glidingly supported on the table, in order to prevent the arm from bending. The tracer T may have a small wheel at its tip. Said wheel rolls in a vertical plane along the lines of the master pattern. Said wheel is guided by turning the vertical rod of the tracer around its vertical axis, so that .the plane of the wheel is always parallel to the straight line which is followed, or said plane is maintained tangent to a curved line which is followed.

I have described preferred embodiments of my invention, but numerous changes and omissions and additions and substitutions can be made without departure from the scope of my invention.

I claim:

1. In combination with a horizontal table, a. horizontal and straight guide-rail on said table, a guide member movable in said guide-rail, said guide member having a vertical pivot member, a lazy-tongs arm which comprises a number of arm-elements which have respective vertices which are disposed from front to rear along a. straight axial line, the rear vertex being pvotally mounted on said vertical pivot member, a. vertical pivot connected to said arm on said axial line between the front and rear vertices and rearwardly of the front arm-element, horizontal bearings connected to said vertical pivot, said horizontal bearings being parallel to said guide-rail, a front frame which has a front lower end and a rear upper end, said front lower end of said iront frame being turnably connected to said bearings, a rear frame which has a front upper end anda rear lower end, said front upper end of said rear frame being connected to said rear upper end of said front frame by a horizontal shaft which is parallel to said guide-rail, a pedestal fixed to said table rearwardly of said guiderail, a horizontal shaft which is parallel to said guide-rail and which connects the lower rear end of said rear frame to said pedestal, the front armelement having a series of holders and supports for said holders which are pivot'ally connected to said front arm-element, said holders being located on said straight axial line and being adapted to hold at least one tracer and one scriber, said lazy-tongs arm being constructed to be uniformly elongated and shortened rearwardly of said pivot and forwardly of said pivot, said pivot being always located. on a line which is perpendicular to said guide-rail.

2. A marking instrument which comprises a variable-length arm which has an axis, said arm being associated with a support and overlying a supporting face of said support, said arm having a selected guide-point, guide-means adapted and operative to guide said selected guide-point in a selected straight-line guided path relative to said support, said arm also having a pivot-point and scriber-holding means for holding a scriber and tracer-holding means for holding a tracer, said pivot-point being axially intermediate said tracer-holding means and said guide-point and also axially intermediate said scriber-holding means and said guide-point, and additional guidemeans for guiding said pivot-point in a pivotpoint-path which is perpendicular to said guided path, said additional guide-means comprising a. iront frame which has a front lower end. a universal joint connecting said front lower end to said arm at said pivot-point, said front frame also having a rear upper end, a rear frame which has a front upper end, pivot-means connecting said front upper end to said krear upper end of said front frame, said pivot-means being parallel to said first-mentioned guide-means, a pedestal ixed to said table rearwardly of said frames and of said guide-means, said rear frame also hav-l ing a rear lower end and additional pivot-means connecting said rear lower end to said pedestal, said additional pivot-means being also parallel to said first-mentioned guide-means.

3. A marking instrument which comprises a variable-length arm which has an axis, said arm being associated with a support and overlying a supporting face of said support, said arm having a selected guide-point, a horizontal and straight guide-rail mounted on said supporting face of said support, a guide-member movable in said guide-rail, said guide member having a vertical pivot member which is pivotally connected to said arm at said guide-point, saidkarm also having a pivot-point and scriber-holding meansvfor guide-means, apedestal fixed to said .table rear-l wardly of said frames and of said guide-rail,

said rear frame also having a rear lower end and additional pivot-means connecting said rear lower end to saidv pedestal, said additional pivot-means holding a scriber and tracer-holding means for 20 holding a tracer, said pivot-point being axially intermediate said tracer-holding means and said guide-point and being also axially intermediate said scriber-holding means and said guide-point, and additional guide-means for guiding said pivot-point in a pivot-point-path which is per-A pendicular to said guide-rail, said Yadditional being also parallel to said first-mentioned guidemeans.

WILLIAM KAUFMAN.

References Cited in the file of this patent vUNITED STATES PATENTS Germany Dec. 9, 1889 

